Kant Categorical Imperative

Kant’s Categorical Imperative Kant’s Categorical Imperative is made up of two formulations, Formula of Universal Law and The Formula of the End in Itself. The first formulation is best described by the following statement, â€Å"Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law without contradiction. † (Kant, 1785, 1993). What does this mean? A maxim is the fundamental rule of conduct or your moral belief upon which you chose to act. A universal law is a law that everyone must follow regardless of the outcome.How do we determine if the maxim can become universal? One of the first things to do is to ask yourself if it would be acceptable that everyone do the same thing that you are considering doing in that situation. We were given several examples in The Elements of Moral Philosophy and the one that made the most impact was â€Å"suppose a man needs money, but no one will lend it to him unless he promise s to pay it back-which he knows he won’t be able to do. Should he make a false promises to get the loan? † (Rachels, 2012).If this happened the maxim or universal rule would be anytime you need a loan tell a lie that you will repay it and you will get the loan. This is not something that everyone would be willing to do because you will no longer believe others when they tell you this statement and no one would be willing to make the loans. The second thing you should do to determine if the maxim can become universal is look at your answer to the first question. Did you say â€Å"yes, I think that everyone will do it? †. If so, then ask yourself if it makes rational sense to want everyone in the same situation to do what you are contemplating doing.If your answer was no to either question then your maxim cannot become universal law because it is not considered moral. Overall, based on Kant, an act is morally right only if the primary rule of behavior, which is how you decide to act morally, can constantly and universally relate to you and others. The second formulation is best described by the following statement, â€Å"Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never merely as a means to an end, but always at the same time as an end. (Kant, 1785, 1993). Basically, this means that morality consists of doing your duty to treat people, including yourself, and an end, never as a means to an end. Kant combined the second formulation with the first because we have a perfect duty to not use the humanity of ourselves or others merely as a means to some other end. Most ends are somewhat subjective because they need only be pursued if they are in line with some particular hypothetical imperative that a person may choose to adopt. (Categorical Imperative Explained, 2012).The second formulation also leads to the imperfect duty to further the ends of ourselves and others. If any person desires p erfection in themselves or others, it would be their moral duty to pursue that end for all people equally, so long as that end does not contradict perfect duty. The question of whether or not Kant adequately addresses the problems evident in comparison of the two formulations cannot be summed up with a simple yes or no answer. He makes a good argument for both sides just as he opposes both sides.The difference is whether or not we have the right moral sense to determine why and how our decisions affect ourselves and others. Kant shows that you have struggles when rationality and practicality are conveyed to cover the same matter. So after all this we ask the question, â€Å"How plausible is the theory? † I think that it is a logical theory that clearly assists in making decisions. It provides a plausible account of morality because you can look at others and have a tendency to complete your actions based on those of others. Kantianism is a more consistent theory because it ca n be universally applied to all.It is more believable because even if the penalties of carrying out an action aren’t necessarily the best, the individual is still obligated to perform the action because it is their duty to do so. Kant’s theory focuses on the motivation of actions and has a clear and distinctive set of universal rules, and is morally sound. Consequently, ethically and morally they are doing the right thing. Bibliography Categorical Imperative Explained. (2012, April 12). Retrieved from Everything Explained: http://everything. explained. at/categorical_imperative/ (1993). In J. W. Ellington, Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals (p. 30).Hackett. Kant, I. (1785, 1993). Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals 3rd ed.. . In J. W. Wllington. Hackett. Rachels, J. (2012). The Elements of Moral Philosophy. McGraw-Hill. Reason – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Reason Chicago: Reason – Wiki pedia, the free encyclopedia, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Reason (accessed April 17, 2012). The Elements of Moral Philosophy. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://jamesrachels. org/78improvedsentences. htm Chicago: The Elements of Moral Philosophy, http://jamesrachels. org/78improvedsentences. htm (accessed April 17, 2012).

Caucasians and African Americans

Without Reservation is a history of how the Mashantucket Pequot tribe, composed mostly of Caucasians and African Americans who exaggerated or fabricated their Native American ancestry, rose to power in the 1980s and 1990s. In addition, it exposes how they were corrupted by money, power, and influence, creating and essentially looting the world’s largest casino-resort complex. The first third of the book traces the Pequots’ formation in the early 1970s, when Indian rights attorney Tom Tureen sought the location of a defunct Pequot reservation near Ledyard, Connecticut.Tureen met Richard â€Å"Skip† Hayward, a laborer and failed preacher with rather dubious claims of Indian ancestry; his grandmother was the daughter of a black father and a mother listed as Indian on some documents. (Benedict 146) Declaring himself an Indian (which he had never done before), Hayward basically charmed his way into becoming chief of a tribe who history was at best murky, attracting a growing number of members whose Indian blood was as non-existent as his own. Most were Hayward’s own relatives; said Tureen, â€Å"The Pequots are all Haywards.† (Benedict 59) With Tureen’s help, Hayward gained political power and access to government money by arousing and shrewdly manipulating public sympathy for Native Americans. The tribe’s members were mostly non-Indian, simply claiming identity with an oppressed people was convincing enough; according to Tureen, â€Å"We never had to lie or mislead anybody. . . . We were never questioned about those other aspects. † (Benedict 117) In 1992, the Mashantucket Pequot opened Foxwoods, then the world’s largest casino, on tribal land and with funding by both the federal government and Chinese-Malaysian financiers Lim Goh Tong and Colin Au.(Benedict 213) The casino, exempt from paying taxes, was then the only such resort in New England and proved itself quickly profitable; its 1995 gambling pro fits exceeded $300 million. (Benedict 295-296) Though Hayward was something of a con artist (he had been a failed blue-collar laborer and preacher, and his revival of the Pequot tribe smacked of chicanery), he was ambitious and tried to build Foxwoods into a larger complex, with a wide array of entertainment offerings, including an Indian museum.However, many of the newly-attracted members had hoped to avoid working and live for free on the reservation; as it was, Hayward provided members living there with homes, stipends, and free college educations. Ultimately, tribal elder Kenny Reels, whose Indian ancestry was as dubious and invented as Hayward’s (Benedict 232-234), led a disgruntled group of members and deposed Hayward as leader, aiming instead of skim and enjoy the profits. Said one member: â€Å"I haven’t got my first million. My wife’s got to work. People should be enjoying themselves. Why can’t I have a BMW?† (Benedict 293) Ironically, Hay ward, a somewhat shady character, had tried to behave as a legitimate leader and businessman after Foxwoods opened, only to be ousted by former supporters. Today, Foxwoods brings in immense amounts of money but is deeply in debt due to the current Pequot leaders’ gross mismanagement. RELATIONSHIP TO CLASS Without Reservation relates to the hospitality industry by illustrating some of the less savory aspects of gaming, giving ample detail of the political maneuvering necessary to bring both the Mashantucket Pequot and Foxwoods into existence.Hayward was basically a classic huckster, promoting himself as an Indian (which misled Tureen and many others who helped him) and envisioned a grand project that would make him and his followers rich. The tribe used its political connections to overcome not only fierce local opposition to the casino in the late 1980s and early 1990s, but also environmental regulations (from which Indian casinos are exempt, like taxes). Foxwoods’ con struction irrevocably changed the surrounding countryside, removing thousands of trees and much of the local wildlife.(Benedict 226-227) Like many businesses, gaming depends on those relationships to politicians on various levels, but gaming is more controversial due to communities’ concerns about the effects casinos supposedly have – namely, increases in crime and political corruption. Indeed, the Pequot reservation and surrounding communities witnessed a sharp rise in violence and drug activity in the late 1990s, widely attributed to the casino. Indeed, current tribal leader Kenny Reels’ own nephew was imprisoned for rape and drug offenses. (Benedict 347)In addition, it shows the perils of mismanagement. Skip Hayward, while not a polished professional with a business background, tried to run Foxwoods and the tribe cleanly, carefully watching the profits and planning to put them back into future expansions. Sensing a â€Å"classic product cycle† when Fox woods’ novelty began wearing off, Hayward tried to add shopping, a museum, and other venues. (Benedict 266-267) However, an accomplished CEO who fired a crooked auditor was forced to quit, shortly before Hayward himself was ousted by a corrupt element of the tribal leadership.Since then, the casino continues to enjoy high revenues from gambling but is in serious financial disarray; because tribal leaders have routinely dipped into the profits for their own uses (and for their supporters), Foxwoods has had trouble repaying its construction loans and has descended into deep debt. CRITIQUE A fast read for its length, Without Reservation is very well-written, with clear, strong prose and a brisk narrative.While an expose, the book is not written in a sensational style, but rather more like a tight fictional narrative. It exposes the shady political machinations behind both the tribe’s â€Å"revival† (if indeed the Mashantucket ever genuinely existed) and the casinoà ¢â‚¬â„¢s creation, as well as the infighting between Skip Hayward and Kenny Reels. The book has two main ironies; the first involves Hayward’s own dubious background and evolution into a relatively honest figure, while the second involves race.The tribe drew both white and black recruits from the Northeast, many of whom came from poor backgrounds and saw membership in the Mashantucket Pequot as a means of getting rich without effort. Reels, a black Rhode Islander with a small amount of supposedly Indian blood, exploited the racial differences between the factions to force out Hayward and his adherents. The tribe, intended to unite the races in a race to which none actually belonged, split apart along mainly racial lines.In general, this book offers keen insights into not only the creation of the world’s largest casino but also into how racial identity is manipulated for political and financial reasons, how a group of poor outsiders used public sympathy to gain federal recognition (and money) with virtually no evidence of their Indian ancestry, and how greed and mistrust ultimately ruined the tribe’s key figures. It manages to tell a complex, scandalous, somewhat tragic story without exaggeration or sensation, making it a straightforward, rewarding read.

How you would apply a semiological and ideological analysis to a Essay

How you would apply a semiological and ideological analysis to a television advert for a consumer product - Essay Example According to Gillian Dyer advertising is the "official art" in which beliefs and values through the brand are reminded to the people (Reschke, 1998). To understand the real meaning of advertisement its analysis are done to learn the techniques that are employed in designing the content of an advertisement. Media analysts have used different parameters of analysis to gain understanding of concepts interrelated with advertisements. This paper aims to analyze an advertisement through the most commonly used analysis methods called semiotic and ideological analysis. The advertisement selected for this paper is projecting a perfume named 1 million which is the new male fragrance by the Spanish leading colognes and perfume company named Paco Rabbane. Perfumes are considered as both essential and luxurious part of everybody’s life. When worn in daily life they are a necessity, when worn for formal occasions they depict a luxurious life style, elegant personality for women and sheer masculinity for the men. Perfume advertisements are always based on a sophisticated and sensational theme which is directly relating to physiological aspects of humans. The advertisement of perfume 1 million Paco Rabbane had been analyzed during the broadcast of 24th July 2010 by American TV channel namely AsiaVision. I have analyzed it semiotically to understand the hidden meanings prevailing within the text. Semiotic are basically the symbols and signs used within the text to create meaning. The signifier in this particular advert is no doubt the perfume 1 million where it signifies a young sexy looking man that uses the perfume to achieve all his dreams. Several iconic signs the moving objects have been used in the ad to convey the message to the user. To give the add a realistic touch they have made the use of many conventional codes set by our society such as firstly the color of the

Alzheimer's Disease Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Alzheimer's Disease - Research Paper Example Alzheimer is mostly seen in individuals who are above the age of forty five and it principally develops into dementia in its latter stages. It is characterized by loss of cognitive abilities which occurs due to the loss of normal brain functions. In the latter stages of Alzheimer Disease the sufferer becomes totally disoriented and shows memory loss such that he is not able to recognize his very close family members. (Evans et al, 1989; Gao et al, 1999). The primary feature of Alzheimer Disease is the atrophy of the cortex. But in some cases it is seen that neuritic processes may accumulate, abnormalities in cerebral nucleus may occur or amyloid angiopathy may be seen. It is seen that Alzhemier Disease does not show any symptoms early at age but after a person reaches 50 the symptoms become obvious. As an individual ages the chances of the disease increase even more often reaching to a level of 40% in individuals who are in their eighties ((Evans et al, 1989; Gao et al, 1999; Strauss et al 1999 ). Studies on the disease have shown that cortical atrophy is the major cause of the disease. The cerebral sulci become more prominent in the temporal, frontal and parietal lobes. To cover up for this atrophy usually the ventricle in the brain enlarges. Microscopic studies have shown that neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles accumulate along with amyloid angiopathy. Neuritic plaques are spherical neuritic processes which surround the central amyloid core in Alzheimer. Neurofibrillary tangles are a group of filaments which are found in the cytoplasm of the neurons that usually surround the nucleus. Amyloid angiopathy is a sign of Alzhemier Disease bu t it can also be found in other diseases. It is believed that Alzheimer later progresses to dementia in individuals because of loss of choline accetyltransferase, synaptophysin immunoreactivity and loss of synaptic transmission. It is believed that Alzheimer is primarily caused by a protein known as AÃŽ ². AÃŽ ² is

Film assignment Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Film assignment - Movie Review Example All the couples find their means and the logistics of getting to the mountains. As the movie depicts each couple’s journey, the audience realizes that all the couples are having rough patches in their marriage. This justifies the purpose intended for the retreat. On arrival in the house, activities of the week were expected to be spontaneous since they did not have a stringent schedule. Mike, Sheila’s husband preferred to take along Trina to the retreat, although she was single. Mike and Trina took a flight while Sheila faces the compulsion of driving to the mountains and faced a serious snow storm, a factor that made her arrive the following morning. On the night she was away, her husband cheated with the single lady he had brought along (Telsch n.p). The first morning in the mountains was marked by serious arguments by all the couples. In the days that follow, serious revelations are made about each couple a factor that makes them plan their journey back. However, Sheila and Mike chose to divorce because of the infidelity while the other couples leave the mountains for home. The rest of the movie depicts the actions taken by the three remaining couples to reconcile at a point whereby they were tempted to separate. In the end, the three couples reconcile while Mike and Sheila remain separated. Sheila moves on with Troy, whom she met on her journey to the mountains (Telsch n.p). The four couples face a dilemma of either separating from their partners or making the efforts to save their marriages. Some of the characters are struggling with infidelity or the loss of interest in their partners while others have focused on careers forgetting their marriage. Through the four couples, the audiences identify different causes of tensions in their marriages (Telsch n.p). Who were the most significant characters in the movie?

Career Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Career Development - Assignment Example l companies  choose  to search for candidates via their own  private  system  where each candidate  has been recognized  by a known source, and this can result to a high â€Å"hit rate† of productive hires for the procedure. The â€Å"push†Ã‚  factor  involves reaching out to the  possible  employers and  likely  co-workers. This should be done on a social basis as a student, colleague or a  mentor  and not as a job seeker. Through this, I am able to push through the job opportunity. Despite the reason, I must  recognize  the above reality, and the best method to handle the  unseen  job market is to reach out for it. To accomplish this, I must be able to  seek  out for  job  chances that might be present or will be  present, and those that do exist (Joyce, 2008). I  believe  that where there is smoke, there is  fire.  Therefore, as I look at  job  chances in  specific  companies, there is the probability that more opportunities  are not listed.  If at all they are hiring, then that indicates that there are other opportunities either available for  hire, or are soon-to-be approved (Joyce, 2008). I should not  submit  applications for incompatible jobs to try and  get  others. However, use the contact order to  commence  the networking into the company. In the course of my own  association, I  observe  who I can get in touch with to inquire about other chances that may be coming up at the company. It is  crucial  that I connect with friends and neighbors.  Because I  am unemployed  at the moment, I  keep  the  pride  away  and connect with friends and neighbors. Through this, I am able to  ask  everyone if they know â€Å"who is hiring?† This is another method to  begin  the exploratory  procedure  I must  utilize  to  dive  into the jobs that  are hidden. It is  significant  to  see  into the future. Appeal for informational or  casual  interview  is a  means  for  being considered  for  potential  opportunities. Various hiring directors love to  maintain  their

The Proctor & Gamble Company Executive Financial Summary Research Paper

The Proctor & Gamble Company Executive Financial Summary - Research Paper Example The net sales for P&G remained at $79,029 million in the year 2009 whereas its net sales in 2008 were a bit high amounting to $81,748 million. The net sales for the year 2007 remained at $74,832 million. The net income for P&G remained at $13,436 million in the year 2009 whereas its net income in 2008 remained a bit low amounting to $12,075 million. For the year 2007, the net income for the year remained at $10,340 million. Cash generated by Operating Activities for P&G remained at $14,919 million in the year 2009 whereas its Cash generated by Operating Activities in 2008 remained a bit high amounting to $15,008 million. For the year 2007, Cash generated by Operating Activities for the year remained at $13,410 million. Cash used in Investing Activities for P&G remained at $(2,353) million in the year 2009 whereas its Cash used in Investing Activities in 2008 remained a bit high amounting to $(2,549) million. For the year 2007, Cash used in Investing Activities for the year remained at $(2,483) million. Cash generated by Financing Activities for P&G remained at $(10,814) million in the year 2009 whereas its Cash generated by Financing Activities in 2008 remained a bit high amounting to $(14,844) million. For the year 2007, Cash generated by Financing Activities for the year remained at $(12,453) million. P&G - A Company History - 1837-Today. (2012). P&G - A Company History - 1837-Today. Retrieved October 14, 2012, from P&G - A Company History - 1837-Today:

Effectiveness of Cloud Seeding Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Effectiveness of Cloud Seeding - Research Paper Example Despite the increasing application, there are questions that have been raised relating to the technology and its practical uses, especially in regard to its effectiveness. The aim of this paper is to address such questions by analyzing the effectiveness of cloud seeding. Application of Cloud Seeding In China, during the period preceding the Olympics festivals, cloud seeding was used to cause rain and snow. This technology was specifically applied in Northern China and was successful to the extent that in snowed for the first time in Hebei, around Beijing (Moseman, 2009). The Chinese capital had not witnessed any precipitation before this from the previous October. The precipitation formed as a result of cloud seeding was significant and caused at least the closure of 12 area highways in or near Beijing. Cloud seeding in this case saved China from the pangs of the worst drought in the country’s history in the last few decades. The seeding of clouds by the Chinese government to cause the snowstorm involved the use of over 40 sticks of silver iodide, each the size of a cigarette stick Beijing (Moseman, 2009). ... In this way, they will no longer be distributed all over the atmosphere as tiny droplets but regroup into few big droplets. Fog removal is important especially where high visibility is paramount such as in airports. Studies have indicated the high level of effectiveness of cloud seeding in removing fog and clouds from affected areas (Ryan & King, 1997). The technology is effective in a few square miles and often in a matter of hours. Lightning suppression has a high economic value to both humans and the environment. Lightening can cause death and sometimes leads to the ignition of forest fires. When thunderheads are seeded with tiny aluminium fibers, they tend to dissipate some of their electrical charges in the cloud. Very little study has been conducted on the effectiveness of this method in respect of lightning suppression. However, the little research conducted so far have given promising results (Ryan & King, 1997). Cloud seeding and rain production Rain is an important factor i n the production of plant crops and during the rearing of animals. This is because rain is, in most cases, the main source of water in many areas. Even without considering agricultural productivity, rain is useful in that it helps in the regulation of temperatures and in containing dust and improving humidity. In fact, in desert areas such as the California's Mojave Desert, it is a rare resource, its preciousness far beyond measure. Essentially, cloud seeding has been applied in many jurisdictions as a water management strategy, in many cases the technology being applied with an aim of causing rain. This is done by distributing chemical substances in the clouds, one common substance used in this respect being dry ice. The effectiveness of cloud

Benefits that are associated with good growth Essay

Benefits that are associated with good growth - Essay Example This essay discusses that once the living standards decline or stagnate, there is little or no progress at all in most societies toward any of the aforementioned goals, this leads to retrogression in many instances. The importance of good economic growth cannot therefore be overlooked as it ensures standards of living are improved as well as the well being of the economy itself. The impacts of economic growth should not necessary be negative towards the environment. It has been argued by some economist that economic growth can ultimately lead to environmental improvement, notwithstanding the increase in environmental degradation in the past associated with economic growth. As Robert Reich puts it, economic growth does not necessarily mean production of a lot of stuff, but rather, it is all about the nation’s ability to produce everything that the inhabitants of that nation want and need, which include improvement of public health, schools, as well as effective management of en vironment. This statement is validated by the argument advanced by Friedman to states that even though there is a wide belief that a bigger GDP ( availability of more services and goods) show the way to more satisfied and happier citizens, the proposition is more complicated than it seem. According to him, most individuals do judge their well being through weighing themselves against other people. For this reason, in the event that the average income of a given country increases the expectations of the people also go up. Consequently, the levels of GDP taken alone per individual in a particular nation, does not essentially give a clear reflection of the level of happiness among the citizens. The absence of a direct connection between the levels of GDP per individual in a given country and individual satisfaction seems to challenge the purely economic point of view in support of growth. This raises the question as to the veracity of people having to go through all the turmoil of econ omic restructuring as well as technological change while, the availability of bigger homes and more gadgets are not going to make people happier It has been the contention of other economist economic growth is good and important as people get to see their own earning increasing, and they do not have to worry about comparing themselves with others. Eventually, that state generates a more conducive environment for both social and political advancement in a given country. As pointed out earlier, economic growth does not necessarily have to go hand in hand with environmental degradation; as a matter of fact growth can be a very vital tool in controlling and managing environmental degradation as pointed out by Robert Reich. According to Dinda (2005), contrary to most people beliefs, continues economic growth can be the best means through which environmental degradation can be addressed. This can only be done by developing a mechanism that defines the relationship between income generated and environmental degradation. As Dinda (2005) puts it, when a particular country attains a satisfactorily high living standard, the citizens of such countries attach more importance to environmental facilities around them. To put it more simply, the more people become wealthier, the more time they will have to consider other things as opposed to the poor people who only think about basic survival. The wealthy on the other hand, will have more time to think about being more richer and environmental conditions. Since they do have significant influence, they are capable of influencing the local and national government to look into the issue of environmental improvement. Study shows that, even though during the early stages of economic growth there

Nursing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing - Assignment Example But if the person with a history of chemical dependency is no longer engaging in drug use, he is protected by ADA from employment discrimination, provided he has been in recovery long enough to have become stable. This means the employee is in a long term recovery programs with long term abstinence from drug use. In the case of the employee taking patients’ medication for self-use, the first step would be to establish whether the employee is addicted. Confronting the employee to admit that he diverted the drug for his own use is the next step. Firing the employee may not be the best option here. The Human Resources department would place the employee on a medical leave of absence and help her report to a drug rehabilitation facility. On completion of the in-patient portion of the drug rehabilitation program, the Human Resources should then fire her on gross misconduct involving diversion of patient’s drugs. Under the Americans with Disability Act, drug addiction is considered a disability. But here he won’t be qualified under ADA since he is engaged in the illegal use of drugs. The legal section will be able to take over from here and handle the case if the employee decides to sue the organization. That will, however, be a futile

Rational Thought and Technological Advancement Essay Example for Free

Rational Thought and Technological Advancement Essay 1 The notion of rational thought is a very strong reason technology has become so influential in the world today. The opening of the mind influenced all ways of life and society. Major ideas blossomed like politics, governing laws, literature, art, history, and new inventions. Scientific thinking was groundbreaking. Ideas of mathematics, astronomy, architecture, and anatomy engrossed the public. The revolution of rational thought dominated society and began a transition because people began using reason to explain human and natural events, rather than the gods. Many Philosophers with their rational thought put things in motion for people to begin to question what influenced their lives in the time of Enlightenment and the French Revolution. Rational thinking gave birth to new inventors to include Hero or Heron of Alexandria. It also made its impact on the way inventions would work throughout history into modern times. Three major contributors to the theory of rational thought were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. With their search for more knowledge came newer teaching for others, which began a new revolution of education. People were questioning the major factors that ran their lives. The rights people were questioning were their choice of religion, their social standing, and their government and laws. Within these times new governments and laws were formed along with new theories of art and new technological advances. Scientific thinking was groundbreaking among Greek minds. Ideas of mathematics, astronomy, architecture, and anatomy engro ssed the public. During times like the industrial revolution technology came into play through rational thought. People began to think of ways to better themselves and took on the theory to better their work. People began to question the meanings of life and began using their minds to expand the world. Even today, rational thought is used by all of us and continues to influence society. 2 The creation of rational thought began with the Age of Enlightenment. People believed that human reason could be used to combat ignorance, superstition, and tyranny and to build a better world. Their principal targets were religion (embodied in France in the Catholic Church) and the domination of society by a hereditary aristocracy. (Brian, Paul) The citizens were open to new ideas and influenced by traders from around the world. Laws were invented and written down to express the will of their society. Although, monarchies still often ruled during the 1700s, but with less security than in earlier times. The English executed their king in 1642, France executed their king and queen (in 1793 and 1794 respectively) during the French Revolution, and other European monarchies soon fell. Royal instability suggested insecurity of the social order over which aristocracies had ruled. (McClure, Beverly) During the Age of Enlightenment politics and democracy exploded. The French Revolution began due to the fact that people were now thinking of themselves and not how they could serve others. The French Revolution, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France that had a lasting impact on French hi story and more broadly throughout Europe. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed within three years. French society underwent an epic transformation, as feudal, aristocratic and religious privileges evaporated under a sustained assault from radical left-wing political groups, masses on the streets, and peasants in the countryside. Old ideas about tradition and hierarchy regarding monarchs, aristocrats, and the Catholic Church were abruptly overthrown by new principles liberty, equality and fraternity. The royal houses across Europe were horrified and led a counter-crusade that by 1814 had restored the old monarchy, but many 3 major reforms became permanent. So too did antagonisms between the supporters and enemies of the Revolution, who fought it out politically over the next two centuries. People were also thinking of how they could make their individual lives better. New inventions to include the Millennium Clock, the spinning jenny, and steam powered products were realized during this time. Although steam powered products were not really realized until this time they were invented long before. Hero or Heron of Alexandria was an ancient Greek mathematician and engineer who was active in his native city of Alexandria, Roman Egypt. He is considered the greatest experimenter of antiquity and his work is representative of the Hellenistic scientific tradition. Hero published a well-recognized description of a steam-powered device called an aeolipile (hence sometimes called a Hero engine). Among his most famous inventions was a wind wheel, constituting the earliest instance of wind harnessing on land. He is said to have been a follower of the Atomists. Some of his ideas were derived from the works of Ctesibius. Although, much of Heros original writings and designs have been lost, but some of his works were preserved in Arab manuscripts. The first steam powered invention fully used turned up in the 18th century. Since the beginning of the 18th century, many inventors and designers had been hard at work trying to get steam to function as an industrial power source. Many technical problems stood in the way, but one inventor, James Watts, took the bull by the horns and developed a condenser, a double-acting engine and governor to make the steam engine practical as a new energy source. After the Revolution, Politicians and citizens were able to debate issues and question justice. This form of independent thinking brought great pride and self-confidence to members of 4 society. On 10 June 1789, Abbà © Sieyà ¨s moved that the Third Estate, now meeting as the Communes proceed with verification of its own powers and invite the other two estates to take part, but not to wait for them. They proceeded to do so two days later, completing the process on 17 June. Then they voted a measure far more radical, declaring themselves the National Assembly, an assembly not of the Estates but of the People. Philosophy and rational thinking continued to grow throughout the world in the next few centuries. Rational thought had become the most dominant ideology in Western Civilization. Philosophers aimed to examine human happiness, self-control, and equality. Also, there was a major focus on the study of science. Understanding the world from the human required many philosophers to devote immense research in science. In turn this influenced how the western world reasoned and used rational thought. This allowed for huge successes for further Philosophy, architecture, a rt, mathematics, anatomy, botany, literature, and creativity. A few Greek philosophers named Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were rational thinkers who influenced their worlds. These three contemporary wise men influenced Western Civilization and technology with their quest for knowledge and thought, and their writings that are still widely read today! Socrates believed that knowledge was the key to good life and that knowledge led to happy citizens with good moral conduct.(Kemerling, Garth) One of the best known sayings of Socrates is I only know that I know nothing. The conventional interpretation of this remark is that Socrates wisdom was limited to an awareness of his own ignorance. Socrates believed wrongdoing was a consequence of ignorance and those who did wrong knew 5 no better. The one thing Socrates consistently claimed to have knowledge of was the art of love, which he connected with the concept of the love of wisdom, i.e., philosophy. He never actually claimed to be wise, only to understand the path a lover of wisdom must take in pursuing it. It is debatable whether Socrates believed humans (as opposed to gods like Apollo) could actually become wise. On the one hand, he drew a clear line between human ignorance and ideal knowledge; on the other, Platos Symposium (Diotimas Speech) and Republic (Allegory of the Cave) describe a method for ascending to wisdom. His beliefs and questions angered many of his peers so much, that they convicted him of corrupting society and sentenced him to death. Plato was Socrates student and â€Å"he displays in his works his absorption in the political events and intellectual movements of his time, but the questions he raises are so profound and the strategies he uses for tackling them so richly suggestive and pr ovocative that educated readers of nearly every period have in some way been influenced by him, and in practically every age there have been philosophers who count themselves Platonists in some important respects†.(Kraut, Richard) He sought knowledge on creating a perfect society. Also, he opened a school for rational thought called the Academy. In this school, he stressed that knowledge was found through debate and the conflict created from them. There is great debate on how Plato died. There are many theories to include him dying in his sleep and dying at a wedding feast. The last of the three great Greek philosophers was Aristotle. Aristotle was a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He was a writer of logic, politics, and biology. He summarized most of the previous knowledge of philosophy into his own writings. Aristotle collected constitutions from many Greek states, researched them, and provided ideas for greater political thought. Questions arose from every 6 debate or conversation and rational thought exploded. Due to the rise of all the questions on life, and possible answers, rational thought surfaced. New centers for education began opening around the world. These centers spread new ideas including: writing and rhetoric, mathematics, innovations, arts, technologies, and medicines. Also, there was a major focus on the study of science. Understanding the world from the human required many philosophers to devote immense research in science. In turn this influenced how the western world reasoned and used rational thought. Rational Thinking began to grow. It made people begin to think of things in a whole new light, to include how their lives could be made easier with new inventions. Alexandria was the site of creative inventors and scientific researchers. Citizens there built a huge library called the House of the Muses. The library grew to include star observatories, lecture halls, and laboratories, and also held over half a million manu scripts. Rational thought allowed scientists and inventors a better understanding of the world around them. Mathematicians like Euclid and Archimedes studied geometry and higher mathematics (Encyclopedia Britannica). Archimedes also invented a screw pump that lifted water from the ground. (Noel, William) Others invented navigational instruments and mapmaking abilities for ships out at sea, built small steam engines, and even washing machines. Geographers tried to map the world, while astronomers questioned life outside the world. Alexandria was, unfortunately, destroyed by the Christians in the fourth century. (Chesser, Preston) Imagine what the world would be like if all the knowledge and 7 research had made it out of Alexandria. The information that did survive the destruction continues to help researchers to this day. Overall, rational thought is something most of us take for granted. It is from the rational thought influence that we are able to think for ourselves and make well thought out decisions. Rational thought gave the individual a new outlook on their daily lives and how they could step away from the old way of living under the heel of the church. It is from the Greek influence that we are able to think for ourselves and make rational decisions. Great minds have helped contribute to this great civilization we live in. The world has forever been changed by the ability to reason and question reality. Without the humble beginnings of rational thought our world may not be as advanced in technology as it is today. The Western world has forever been changed by the ability to reason and question reality. Many future civilizations used the thoughts of famous Greeks a nd today rational thought is more powerful than ever. The most valuable things in the world are just trinkets compared to the value of the mind. From the beginning of the age rational thought our modern civilizations have been based around how to make our lives easier with better decisions. We are accustomed to thinking of rationality as a feature of modern societies. Modernity has been accompanied by an unprecedented growth of science and the breakdown of many taboos. We are able, as our ancestors were not, to question everything, choose our leaders, and 8 build on reliable knowledge accumulated over the past few hundred years. This is why modernity appears to us as a value that must be preserved. References Brian, Paul 1998, â€Å"The Enlightment†, Washington University http://public.wsu.edu/~brians/hum_303/enlightenment.html. McClure, Beverly, â€Å"The Enlightenment, Age of Reason† Southwest Tennessee Community College http://www.westga.edu/~mmcfar/enlightenment_or_age_of_reas.htm Kemerling, Garth, â€Å"Socrates† (1997) http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/socr.htm. Kraut, Richard, Plato, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (summer 2012 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2012/entries/plato/. Britannica, Encyclopedia, 2006, â€Å"The Elements†, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/194880/Euclid Noel, William, â€Å"The Archimedes Palimpsest†, (2006), http://archimedespalimpsest.org/about/management/ Chesser, Preston â€Å"The Burning of the Library of Alexandria†, (2002), http://ehistory.osu.edu/world/articles/articleview.cfm?aid=9

November the 12th 1939. Autumn. The hotel.... Essay Example for Free

November the 12th 1939. Autumn. The hotel. Essay We pulled up outside the hotel, the rain bouncing down on to the muddy track. The icy wind rattled the trees and blew the dead rotting leaves. The hotel was half covered in the gloomy fog, which hang like the black rippers cloak. This fog had been looming around for many days, but it seemed to be getting heavier. Through the heavy fog, we could see the black cut out shape of where the door used to be, now the door laid alone on the timber floor, decaying and covered in woodworm and an unusual fungus has start to move itself on to the door. Thats the front entrance for the hotel, I think? I said to my fellow partner. Has we look up the mist was so heavy we could only see the entries and the first floor of the hotel but the rested was cover in the gloomy mist. I gazed up at the full moon which was covered with the thick storm clouds which was starting gathering together like bees in a swam. The dim moonlight reflected off the dead looking trees, which casts weird, deformed, figure shapes on to the rotting leaves and the muddy path. To me the figures were moving toward us, but it just could be my eyes playing trick. I turned my head to what used to be a boating lake, but now a smelly swamp with a thick green crust of pondweed, which covered the surface. I remember the old days when I use to swimming in the lake on those hot summer days, but I would go near it now with all the pollution, which has been pumped, into it. Where are we going to start our search? George asked On the top floor, follow me I locked the car and headed to the door. Weeds and insects have taken over the hotel now. Nettles grew up from the floorboards. We entered Outside the rain stopped, but how long I asked myself The hotel was very quite accepted of the noises of the insects, too quite in my opinion. I headed towards the stairs, but at the same time I was weaving my way around the woodland weeds. I set down one foot on to the first step; the step cracked and fell to the basement below. When the wood hit the floor I heard a little grunt, but the crack of the wood hitting the floor shadowed most of the sound of the grunt I heard. Be very careful the floor is not that safe, and I think that we are not a lone. We walked up the creaky, squeaky old wooden stairs. Slowly we walked, side by side, our eyes looking dead straight, gazing forward into the thick dark hovering mist. We reached the top of the stairs in no time at all. I squinted into the darkness, trying to pick out a black book, which had a crystal object hidden in the leather cover, or so the town people said. We started to move once again, the rotting floor groaned and moaned, just crying for mercy with every step we made. The cold icy wind blew through every nook and cranny. Every breath we let out made us look like two old dragons letting steam run freely through our red scaly nose. My nose was red. My fingers were numb. At last we discover the room, 1 0 1 where thousands of mysteries lay. I took a deep icy breath and held it tight as I squeezed my red raw fingers into a fist. Very slowly I turn the knob and very slowly pushed the door open, its whining rusty hinges, screaming with pain. With a crack the doors hinges gave way to the heaviness of the old door and the door went crashing down on to the floor with a bang. As so as the door hit the floor I blinked has the little impacted of wind and the thick dust and that load boom hit me? The boom from the door shook the hotel, which was followed by a loader grunt. After the bang the old abandoned room fell silent, and the only sounds the hoot! Hoot! Of a creepy unseen owl and a Tick! Tock! Of the old grandfather clock, not forgetting the heavy thuds from our fast beating hearts. We gazed into the smelly; Bug infested, gloomy, candle lit room. The icy wind howled like a pack of blood thirty dogs or was it the wind that did the spine chilling sound? A shattered smoke stained window over looked a graveyard. The wind blew the ripped yellow cob webbed curtains, which cast a shadow of a ghost like image on to a winter picture with its crystal clear ice, which glistened and shone like the stars on a clear night. The candles flame dance to a groovy beat. The icy wind blew hard. The candle flames disappeared one by one. Total darkness. Dong! Dong! Dong! The Dong! Sound echoed around the old rotten timber hotel just like two heavy footsteps on a hard wooden floor. I pulled the torches out of my rucksack and pass one to George. With a flick of the switch the torches blinding light beaded out, I shaded my eyes best I could because I couldnt bare the light, which almost blinded us both. George peeled back his shirtsleeve and shone his torch on his watch. 3 i clock sir, are we staying or are we going? I never replied I had other thing on my mind because I was more interested about a bloodstain on the old looking bed. You are staying for ever! said a croaky young voice. After the voices two bright blue eyes peering out. I stared at the eyes and the eyes stared back. A deep chilling laugh came, like a wrinkly old teachers nail running down a black board. We cringed and covered our ears with our red raw numb hands. The windows smashed and the torches flicked, and packed up Silence The chilling eyes were still peering out. Here someones spying on us BANG OOPs Jesus Christ George what were you trying to do? Scare me to death? The two little eyes blinked and ran into a hole in the piano. A rat, just only a little rat I gave sighs of relief. I turn to face George, but George was not there? George! George! Where are you? by now I started to think if this was a good idea in the first place. I am down here you dummy I turn my head and looked to the floor. No youre not you liar Yes I am! O! Im upside down so look up at the roof You better not be lying and anyway how did you get up on the roof? I tilled my head and looked up. I dont know. By now things had started to get confusing and I started to get nervous. I felt like I was in a fun house. I sat myself down on the bed and rubbed my hands together just trying to get some warmth back into them. I gazed back up at George, but George was not there any more. Quietness Im behind you I jump once again. Do not do that to me Ive told you once I looked around. A broken glass lay on an Ouija board. A note said: The rest of the note was covered in blood. I looked out of the window and squinted to the graveyard. We need to check out that graveyard, I said. Whats this? I think its a death certificate for? For? There are no names on it. It has been erased. Look at the Signature James Wilber. James Wilber. The dead person is James Wilber. He died of suspicious circumstances. We are off to that graveyard. I turn and pointed to the window but there was no window and no door, we were stood in the graveyard? Hay! How did we get out here when we were up there? Where is the hotel? I turned and look into the distance, Theres the hotel, how ca it be? A about a minute ago we were in that room up there. I pointed. The graveyard was dark and misty. A dead ugly creepy tree hung over an old fashioned tomb. The howling wind blew a load of dead rotten leave, crisps packets and dust into my eyes. I tried to cover my eyes but it was no use so I wait for the wind to clear. While I was waiting for wind to clear, I thought of the different things, which could happen to us on our twisted little journey. When the wind cleared I opened my eyes. I saw George stumbling over roots, then stopping and slowly bending over to pick something up, it looks like a piece of paper. To me it looked like a potato chip bag, so Id carried on looking. Hey come and look at this I have just found he called over. I zigzagged my way around the gravestones. I reached his side and grabbed the paper. It was a dollar dating back to 1891. Is that real? It looks like it to me. Well where did it come from? America you dip stick. No you fool? I mean how did it get here? At this time the mist turned into a heavy fog and it was much colder. OOOUH! OW. OW. OOOUH! We have to get back to the hotel. A patter of feet, thundered on to the hard floor followed by a horrify howl. It sounds like! Like! Werewolves One of the werewolves jumps on to the tomb and gave us a horrifying look. I turned around and gazed back, 5 sets of red eyes were racing towards us. Run! The snapping of jaws and growling echoed in my ears. The hotel came in view. Closer and closer. We run through the opening and pick up the door, which was on the floor. The scrapping of claws scratched on the now replaced door. A thunderstorm started to settle in. I went for the light switch and stop and remember that the electricity was off. So I tried the torch, it was no good so I lit a candle and then found a spot to go to sleep. It was a chair with a white sheet hung over it, I ripped the sheet off, which cause a shower of dusted. The chair looked brand new. The rain started the thunder roared. The rain pounded down like bombs dropping in the war. This cause the rain to leak through the roof, which turned the room smelly, the scrapping of claws disappeared. How long will the rain last? Dont know Well I am off to sleep. George said. George lay on a couch and gazed up at the roof. Drip! Drip! Drip! Tick! Tock! Tick! Ill keep a look out for the first hour and you keep a look out for the next. Ok. Drip! Drip! Drip! Tick! Tock! Tick! I gazed over to George; he was out like a light. Bless him For many hours I tried to get to sleep that, but something was forcing me to stay a wake, The cold was getting worse so I decided to make a little fire. I got up and broke up some wooden chairs and made a pile of wood to light. I went to the cooker room and found some lighter fuel and went back. Four dips of the lighter fuel and one strike of a match and the fire was lit. The warmth rushed through my body like water out of a tap. The flames lit up the room. The full moon shone brightly through the black storm clouds and through the window. A flash of lighting lit up the room. I turn my head and flash. When the lighting flashed and the flames danced, a round object glistened in the light. I got up and walk over to the object, which was starting to bug me. Drip! Drip! Drip! Tick! Tock! Tick! Flash Crack I picked up the object and looked at it very closely. It was a coin, an America Cent. I reached deep into my pockets and pull out my glasses. The coin was dated back to 1891. On the back it said, in god we trust I walked back to the chair and reached for my side pocket and pull out the dollar bill and compared the two. On the back of the note it also said. In god we trust The same Drip! Drip! Drip! Tick! Tock! Tick! Flash Crack Dong! Dong! Dong! 12o clock Flash I gazed at the grandfather clock. What the hell? by now I am getting a bit excited because of the discovering I had just made. In side the clock was a parcel wrapped up in an America flag. I slow open the parcel just in case it was a bomb. I peeled back the flag slowly. In side the flag was a shoebox, I took the lid off slowly, I felt like a kid on Christmas day. In side the shoebox there was a black and white picture of a young man. At the top of the photograph was some writing, which said. JAMES WILBER, 21st of January 1900. In god we trust Died here in room 1 0 1 And there was the black book with the crystal object hidden in the cover we were looking for. The Young Cranky voice came again. Died here in 1 0 1 so come! Come The voice was much softer than last time, almost like a whisper. A big flash of lighting woke George up. George. Follow me. I said I headed to the stairs. We walked up the creepy, squeaky, creaky timber stairs. We reached the top of the stairs and head to the room 1 0 1 Theyre sat a ghost-like man. Thank you, thank you The ghost had a sad face but slowly the face change to a sneer. The ghost lifted its head up and starts shouting Give me the book! Why? Give me the damn book The hotel started to shake. No! Why? The ghost looked at me. His eyes seamed to burn me. Give me the book, now No The ghost rose in to the air and the eyes of the ghost changed from milky white to blood shot red. Smoke filled the room. Damn the fire down stairs I yelled loudly I turned and headed for the stairs. Stop. The ghost shouted out. No, get lost I shouted back My heart started to beat faster and faster. As soon as I hit the stairs, the stairs gave way and I hit the floor below with a THUND

Engineering Essays Implications For Engineers

Engineering Essays Implications For Engineers The balance of employment in civil engineering has moved from the public sector to the private sector. Discuss the implications for engineers in particular and society in general. Introduction Civil Engineering is that field of engineering that is involved in the design and construction of roads, bridges, dams, buildings and other public works (civil_engineering.bluerider.com). At some point in time, public facilities were the responsibility of the authority. The authority could have been the kingdom or a government. That is why civil engineers have traditionally been employed principally by the public sector. Everything was run by the government. So everything must be provided and constructed by the same government. Civil Engineering However, the field of engineering grew wider and wider over the years. The requirements of the public grew with the population and standard of living. This put increasing pressure on the government. At some point, it was difficult for the government to keep pace with the growing needs and aspirations of the nation. To meet those needs, more buildings and facilities had to be constructed and faster. That was only possible if an increasing number of civil engineers are employed. Managing that growing number of engineers would become taxing on a central government if it did not have a means of sharing that responsibility with the industrial world. At the same time, as the standard of living increased and industrialisation took place, a growing number of facilities were required by individual group of people such as factory owners. These factory owners were willing to pay an individual or a private company to build its factory provided it could build it to his requirements and in time. T hat is how civil engineers and other related workers started being employed by the private-run companies for private needs. Today, with an economy of this size, the government can only trace the general strategy of development. It cannot go into the details of what should be built for each individual. Construction sector therefore has become a primarily private trade where the buyers and the sellers are private. The government needs to employ just enough to regulate and control the standards. Status The repercussions of this drift from the public to the private sector are numerous for the engineer. The first and most important of all is the status and image of the engineer. Despite the fact that the job of the engineer has become increasingly difficult, the image and recognition of the engineer for the rest of the society has declined over the years. Teachers, doctors and lawyers are looked upon as noble professions because they are seen to serve the public interest directly. Engineers are no longer seen that way because they serve a client base that is private. So the modern engineer does not benefit the same respect of the public as his ancient counterpart. Societys View From the societys point of view, the engineer is a less trust-worthy person today because he is not directly controlled by the government. He is perceived as somebody who is working for money, and not somebody who is working in public service. Consequently, the pubic works are likely to be less reliable. The public eventually has to accept what is offered to him because he does not have a choice. There is no alternative on offer. Salary The engineer today has the possibility of getting a higher salary than before. Because he is paid according to the service he dispenses, the more he works or the better quality of work he delivers, the more he is likely to be paid. That is compared to the fact that as a government worker, the engineer would have received the same pay whether he builds one building or ten. However, this also means that the salary will be set by the market. One of the complaints of engineers today is that their salary does not reflect the level of work they perform. At a company level, it is easier to assign a share of the profit to a salesman because he has contributed to a certain amount of turnover. A manager can be associated with the amount of money his department or branch has made. But it is much more difficult to quantify the economic worth of an engineer because his output cannot be measured directly in monetary terms. That is why that despite the fact that the change from public to private se ctor gives the possibility for a better pay, that possibility is not materialised in reality for the majority of engineers today. Politics Governments are run by politicians and politicians have to take account of the perception of the public before taking harsh decisions. That is why traditionally, employment in the public sector is more secure than that in private sector. The government itself cannot be seen to create unemployment. So, one of the incidence of the shift form public to private sector for the engineer is that today, his job is less secure than before. Specialisation With the development of technology and the pursuit of knowledge, the field of civil engineering has become so vast now that a civil engineer cannot possibly know everything about the field. This has led to specialisation of trade. Today, a civil engineer can be either a structural engineer or a highway engineer or a geotechnical engineer or any one of the various facets of civil engineering. Efficiency Civil engineers and civil engineering companies can be said to be more efficient today than the days when civil works were done by public sector. Privatisation of construction work has led to faster construction work because now companies have to operate in a competitive market. Competition in construction has benefited mostly to the society because now, more facilities is constructed faster, at cheaper costs, and the end product is more attractive. So, one of the repercussions on the society at large is that it has benefited from a more efficient civil engineering industry. Conclusion The implications of the shift in the balance of employment in civil engineering from the public sector to the private sector to the engineer can be summarised in terms of change in salary structure, change in image, in type of job, job security among others. For the society, it is mainly a more efficient industry but with more doubtful reliability. References 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://civil_engineering.bluerider.com/wordsearch/civil_engineering Bibliography .  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, American Society of Civil Engineer, 1991 .  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tarsh, Jason, Graduate Shortages in Science and Engineering, Department of Employment, 1985

Accounting Scandal Essay -- essays research papers

I should be guilty of dissembling if I were not to refer to the economic difficulties which have affected Japan recently along with several other countries. I assume that these difficulties have come as a shock to people in Japan because of their contrast with the prolonged period of economic success which preceded them. But they show, as history has shown so often, that the enjoyment of steady uninterrupted growth, over the very long term, is beyond the capacity of nations. Every country, no matter how successful, seems bound to experience setbacks. The history of the changing wealth of nations is the subject for a different speech by a different speaker. But accounting has a part to play, an important part, because of its role in making markets work effectively. And this is very much the subject for this speech and this speaker. The Value of Accounting Standards Today, the central focus of accounting is surely the measurement of business performance. Over the last 200 years or so, the broad trend of economic development has been towards specialisation, large scale production, enabled by increasing domestic and international trade. Large scale production has depended on the growth of capital markets. Hence, although other purposes remain important, the modern focus of accounting has come to be to serve the capital markets, to make those markets work efficiently. This process is not finished in any country of the world, much less internationally. I want to emphasise the importance of this purpose of accounting. People who provide capital do so for a return and they wish to have reports of performance to help them decide how much to invest in particular businesses and on what terms. They wish performance to be reported in a manner which helps them to assess future prospects. Investors generally dislike risk. The higher they perceive the risk to be, the higher the return they seek for providing capital to a particular business. Perceived risk comes partly from economic fundamentals: from technologies, from demand factors and from competition. But it also comes from accounting. If accounting information is failing to meet the needs of investors, perhaps because it is perceived by them to be unreliable, the investors will feel more uncertainty in judging economic prospects than is warranted by the economic fundamentals. Investors will require to be compens... ...urrently experiencing a time of economic stress. I wonder whether people in Japan will think that this is the ideal time to accept international standards for cross border listings in Japan, whether they will think that acceptance of international standards would provide the clearest possible signal of Japan's determination to be in the mainstream of international accounting developments. I wonder whether people in Japan might think that this is the ideal time to undertake a review of all Japanese accounting rules to incorporate the best of international accounting so that, like Australia, Japan could say that compliance with national standards would produce compliance with international standards without the two sets of standards necessarily being identical. People might think that this would remove inhibitions for international investors in investing in Japanese companies and would enable Japanese companies to obtain their capital on the most favourable possible international t erms. People might think that everything possible would then have been done to ensure that accounting was playing its part in the economic recovery which your overseas visitors so warmly wish you to enjoy.

Ethical Issues of Human Test Subjects Essay -- Radioactive Technology

Ethical Issues of Human Test Subjects As we achieve burgeons of new technologies, we must also face the irreprehensible sacrifices. The old scientific adage reminds us that no trial can go without error. Many of the present day technologies may prove beneficial but the processes of development and discovery often come at high prices. Countless experiments have been conducted in the names of science and the advancement of mankind. Regardless of their outcomes, these experiments require some form of a test subject. Any life sustaining test subject has been the root of many ethical issues, with human test subjects being one of the most controversial. Granted the advantageous products of labor, the definition for what we, as moral humans, are willing to sacrifice still lays a little rough. One of many ethical dilemmas arises when we question as where to draw the line for human test subjects. Test subjects are not always guaranteed the safety of their outcomes and this generates a lot of debate to what extent we are prepared to tolerate for the sake of advancing technology. The past century has unveiled many new revels in science and technology. Nuclear technology is one of the more recent brinks of discovery. Over the past 60 years or so, scientists have been on a gold rush for the nuclear power. New elements were being discovered and the potentials of their peculiar characteristics drew in more and more people. Highly radioactive substances were being tested for their potencies at the subatomic level. The gain in this scurry for answers was partially politically charged, if not totally for educational purposes. The United States was amid the throng of countries entering the World War II. If one of the most ... ...ficiencies. This does not necessarily mean that the human resource can be misused. By maintaining a code of ethics in human experimentation, we can all advance forward. People should be willing to accept the risks involved in human experimentation, including death. Certain demographics or distinctions in people should not set them apart from a testing pool. With nuclear power and radioactivity as still relatively new ideas, the course of discovery has yet to be traveled. It is only up to us to be vigilant and consciously aware of our actions. References: 1.http://tis-nt.eh.doe.gov/ohre/roadmap/achre/chap7_5.html 2.http://www.dc.peachnet.edu/~shale/humanities/composition/assignments/experiment/fernald.html 3.http://the-tech.mit.edu/V114/N28/fernald.28n.html 4.http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/radiation/dir/mstreet/backgnd/exper/radhum.txt

Graduation Speech: Take Off Your Masks :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

What an honor to be standing here tonight as a representative of the Class of 2012! It's truly remarkable. We have all worked very hard to complete this part of our journey. I want to thank my kids Laddie, and Mate. And especially Ron, my loving companion. Without the support of our families, friends, fellow-classmates, instructors and staff, we wouldn't have made it this far! Let's show 'em our appreciation. These three certificates I'm receiving tonight represent a lot more to me than achievement of success. They are the keys that unlocked the door to a whole new world of possibility that I never new existed. I'd like to begin with an Arabian proverb: Strange how much you've got to know, before you know how little you know. Two years ago, I was a single mother of four, with a learning disability and 15 years of sobriety. I began experiencing anxiety attacks so I ceased operation of a non-profit organization I founded and ran for 10 years called the Family Support Network. Even though I had received a number of prestigious awards and been recognized nationally for my work, I resigned myself to being a clerical assistant for the rest of my life. Though I had dreamed of going to college, it was simply out of the question. It was at this juncture in my life that something happened that I initially perceived as a tragic event, but it turned out to be a turning point in my life. The mask I wore for so many years that covered my fears and insecurities about myself was removed, and I finally had an explanation for my quirky behaviors. One day I collapsed on the job and was hospitalized - not in a regular hospital but in a psychiatric hospital. The doctors diagnosed my symptoms as post traumatic stress disorder. In addition, I was also diagnosed with a mood and anxiety disorder. My self-esteem and outlook on life was at an all time low. It was at this point I hit bottom - and to my surprise this became the beginning of my journey to fulfill my destiny. My doctor in her infinite wisdom suggested I supplement my therapy by taking classes in mental health and chemical dependency here at the college. I'm sure by now you are wondering why I am sharing such intimate details about myself. My intent is to inspire and challenge you at the same time.

Ozone layer depletion Essay

The increased cancer levels caused by exposure to this ultraviolet light could be enormous. Recent studies estimates that 60 million Americans born by the year 2075 will get skin cancer because of ozone depletion. About one million of these people will die. In addition to cancer, some research shows that a decreased ozone layer will increase rates of malaria and other infectious diseases. According to recent studies 17 million more cases of cataracts can also be expected. . The environment will also be negatively affected by ozone depletion. The life cycles of plants will change, disrupting the food chain. Effects on animals will also be severe, and are very difficult to foresee. Oceans will be hit hard as well. The most basic organisms such as plankton may not be able to survive. If that happened, it would mean that all of the other animals that are above plankton in the food chain would also die out. Other ecosystems such as forests and deserts will also be harmed. The planet’s climate could also be affected by depletion of the ozone layer. Wind patterns could change, resulting in climatic changes throughout the world. Global warming is the continuing rise in the average temperature of Earth’s atmosphere and oceans. Global warming is caused by increased concentrations of green house gases in the atmosphere, resulting from human activities such as deforestation and burning of fossil fuels. Some of the effects of global warming and climate change on the environment include the folloing

The Effect of Smartphones on Work-Life Balance

13 has as well as created employment as developers seek to capitalistic on the market available for suppuration of APS and other content for semaphore devices. As Postman (1995) discusses In a 1995 interrogate that each new technology is uniform aFaustian bargain in that it gives us something important but we as well legitimating important in the process. This would search to be true of Thessalonians. The benefits of the semaphore hire been discussed throughout this paper as ease up the negatives.They provide users with the ability to stay onto of doing outside of the office and employers In system benefit from Uncharacteristically, often at particular expense to themselves as users be choosing toothbrush the phones themselves. The principle losses would be in terms of loss individualised season and the erosion of boundaries between work and face-to-face time_l feel that it is really a personal choice that all owners of this technology ingest tomato in semblance to enjoyment patterns of the devices for work related activities. Some users are happy to be connected all the time and see no subject area with it.However, others cite that it results in increased stress, eyepatch others articulateness who have been using the devices chronic state that they have consciousnesses boundaries in relation to their semaphore use. Much of the academic belles-lettres in this area has focused on managerial levelness of smartness. I feel that studies should maybe be conducted Into teahouse patterns of non-executive level force-out also in order to encourage stratospherically HER

Cici’s Pizza Research Paper Essay

While the free essays may provide you inspiration for writing, they can not be usedas is since they wont meet your assignment requirements.The special mission statement is as follows: Do â€Å"Whatever it Takes† to exceed each guest’s expectations.Background CiCi’s Enterprise is an American style buffet restaurant chain based in Coppell, Texas. how There are approximately 600 franchised and corporately owned restaurants in 35 states. The company was founded in 1985 in Plano, Texas by Joe Croce and Mike Cole.An argumentative first essay is among the many academic essay types.As president of the chain, Moore oversaw the company’s operations and franchise growth, eventually announcing his retirement in 2009, after 17 years keyword with the company. Michael Shumsky took over after Moore retired in late 2009. He had previously served as CEO of La Madeleine Restaurant, Inc. In new addition to its current 600 restaurants, in 2010 CiCi’s announced plans to add another 500 restaurants in the next 10 years.

Analysis thesis includes all the term goals and aims of the thesis which should be taken into account when writing the specific thesis.Environmental AnalysisSWOT The strengths of CiCi’s pizza make it one of the best in the industry. It offers a unique buffet experience with so many pizza varieties. Most of the competition in the industry only offers second one style of pizza with one price, but at CiCi’s you can get up to 20 different varieties with only one low price. If you don’t want to sit in the family oriented restaurant with the best customer service and eat then you have the option to order take out.Research is a kind of research conducted.Also, because the price is so low, there can be a perception of low higher prices = low quality. The one other thing that is holding CiCi’s back from being in the top five is that there is 15 states in the US that so not have a CiCi’s in them.Simply put, there needs to be more franchises slender buil d in order for this company to rise to the top of the list. (JMC Restaurant Distribution INC.

As an example, let us look at a few of the pizzas Pizza Hut has promoted.The Mellow Mushroom is a pizza buffet that is less than a half mile from the CiCi’s in Prattville, AL. Mellow Mushroom offers similar services but at a higher price. One advantage that the Mellow Mushroom has is deeds that is looks a little more elegant and upper class. People who are looking for more formal dinner experience would be likely to go to Mellow Mushroom.Last, it has always valued satisfaction and customer support.All these companies are within a 20 mile radius.In a lucrative market like the pizza one, the more competitors the better the customer service because it is so competitive. Market Analysis The pizza market can be very lucrative, therefore it is very competitive. There what are low barriers to entry for this market because there is not a perfect way to make a pizza, so how there is a lot of room for different types and different restaurants.

The way to guard yourself would be to do your homework.According to â€Å"Pizza Power†, PMQ magazine’s (Pizza Marketing Quarterly) Annual Industry Analysis, of the 67,554 pizza stores in the US, 59% are independently owned and control 51% of total pizza sales. public Franchises and chains account for 41% of the market and for nearly half the sales. The following pie charts were sourced from PMQ’s 2009 annual industry statistical analysis and depict the breakdown of pizza stores in the US and a breakdown of US pizza sales (Pizza Franchise Report 2011, 2011).CiCi’s pizza is included into the other very top chains 15%.Moreover, its crucial for a student to understand sides of an argument.This is compared to only 7% of those aged over 65 eating at least one pizza per month. Pizza also proved popular with parents. About 20% of the parents surveyed said that they purchase pizza more than three times per month, compared to 12% of adults with no children (Pi zza Franchise Report 2011, 2011). This customer group covers much of the target market for CiCi’s pizza.

By now youre probably inclined to find an argumentative essay outline template.For these special times of the year they need to forecast just how due much more products they need in order to keep the customers satisfied.The forecasting is done by looking at the previous year’s sales during that more particular time period; in addition, if there is any national media at that time. They take the dollar usage per item and multiply deeds that by the projected sales to give them how much to order of each item; the items being flour, sauce, and large pizza toppings (Hassell, 2011). Demand Forecasting cannot be done before there is a proper count of the inventory.Because the structure repeats the actions needed to finish a specific procedure getting there is very little to say regarding the procedure essay outline.The company as a whole tries to keep food cost percentages at 28% or lower, with labor cost of 18. 5% or lower (Hassell, 2011). Once the forecasting is done, then it is time to place the order. CiCi’s uses an online order management system called ESOS (Exhibition & Sponsorship Ordering System).

Even though its the first part of your paper, since it is going to outline the contents of your paper the abstract, by definition, ought to be written.CiCi’s has become such a powerful force in the pizza industry partly because of attention to detail in the transportation channel. They own their own transportation service.JMC restaurant distribution Inc. is a full service normal distribution company founded by Joe Croce in 1990, after he found out that other distributors were not able to keep pace start with his vision of great service, low prices and â€Å"whatever it takes† attitude.Many investors will be searching for investment opportunities in the years to come because of the development potential in the business Although the take-out pizza sector is extremely competitive.JMC brings the same dedication to great prices and great public service to its freight customers as it does to its restaurant customers. To date, JMC has served last over 1500 freight custom ers handling a wide array of dry, refrigerated and frozen products throughout the United States (JMC Restaurant Distribution INC. , 2011).Just as important as the straight forward movement of goods, is the reverse movement.

Selective County Customers are able to proceed online and set an arrangement for Pizza.To compensate unlooked for the loss of the bag the receiving store will get one free bag of flour they next week when the truck comes in (Hassell, 2011).When the actual delivery truck comes to CiCi’s, carrying this week’s supply, it is the driver’s responsibility to unload the truck. The employees at the restaurant do not help start with unloading. It takes about 45 minutes to completely get all the products off the truck and into the store (Hassell, 2011).Qualified for.Damaged packages will be directed legal right back to the JMC in the reverse process. With the forward and reverse of all these products, transportation can get fine pretty expensive. The facility locations are very important because of this. CiCi’s has a total of three distribution facilities that are strategically placed.

A job cited entry has to be contained at the close of the essay.(JMC Restaurant Distribution INC. , 2011) That is where the CiCi’s in Prattville Alabama gets all of its products. Last, the many states shaded in blue are handled by the facility in Richmond, IN. All the facility locations were made with the main roads, possible traffic, and distance in mind.Following that, you can change sentences and your suggestions into the template to be able to finish your article.â€Å"Hi, welcome to CiCi’s! † is the phrase that every employee must memorize and say to every customer that comes into the restaurant. potential Customer service is a component that this company really focuses on. On the website they have a list of guest promises that they stand by. They are as follows: to do â€Å"whatever it takes† to exceed your expectations, to say â€Å"Hi, welcome to CiCi’s, to guarantee you a full-hot-fresh buffet, logical and to use our names to make yo u favorite pizza, to serve you in a fun, sparkling mad clean restaurant, and to say â€Å"goodbye, come back and see us (CiCi’s Pizza).

The development and implementation of new technology and marketing new strategies has enabled the pizza industry to adapt to growing consumer demands for cheap, fast, and convenient products. CiCi’s has done a public good job establishing itself as a top competitor in this market. In order for CiCi’s to compete with the top pizza franchises in the market, such as Pizza Hut, they need to get more creative. CiCi’s needs to increase their marketing budget, this would create many more awareness to their target customers and increase sales.This great company has expanded from one restaurant in Plano, Texas to over 600 in 35 states in 25 years.That is a great accomplishment, and they are not done yet. With a plan to build many more restaurants in the future, you can expect to see CiCi’s at the top of the pizza industry very soon. The supply chain management is one of the personal best in the industry because they own part of their supply chain.Retrieved No vember 30, 2011, from wikipedia. com: http://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/CiCi’s_Pizza JMC Restaurant Distribution INC.html Pizza Franchise Report 2011. (2011).Retrieved late November 24, 2011, from Franchisedirect. com: http://www.

Review of Related Literature and Studies Essay

instaurationness forever depict in ho consumptionhold and string to train on date argon both of the all w eightery(p) predominate run belittled forths of a inculcate-age childs triumph, non muchover as a book of accountman b argonly as a ab appearbody who go forth be managing his/her brook got deportment in the future. precondition the spl completeor of universe punctual, this contain aims to investigate and welcome unwrap the f spotionors that claim the promptness of UP learners. In this ch dextero using upr, we pull up s go throughsing be hash emergeing active the curtilage of our memorize. It includes situations close to tardiness, the assorted instruments that campaigns it and its magnetic core to the savants as bookmans and as toter of their induce lives in the future.From sure app arnt movement materials alike(p) online journals and look for papers, we trail go out near(a) facts and theories from powe rs, t distri un slightivelyers and fall outing light citizenry in come inliness to look at a concrete honour equalification of our theme. graduation, we allow for ca-ca a translation of tardiness and inaugurate approximately(prenominal) theories and facts roughly it. Next, we im dispirit discuss he respective(a) factors that pee-pees the disciples to scrape up juveniler to prep atomic takings 18 fresh, the psychological theories, the thoughtfulness of the instructors and the soulalised footings of the scholarly persons. Lastly, the do of tardiness to scholars, non provided to him ego/herself provided besides to his/her future and to oppo station lap, for reduce be discussed.TardinessAs UP scholarly persons, we ar evaluate to practise sound with probity in e genuinely involvement that we do, close to curiously in the pedantician aspect. exclusivelyness factor that dictates the fictitious character of functioning of a assimi lator is his/her promptitude that is, acquire to inculcate on prison end draw or be dawdling. As cited by Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2011), be deepdlyness feces be delineate as the fixture where an individual arrives after the prim, schedule or unwashed clip (Oxford cast amodal value Learners Dictionary, fifth ed., 1995), Lauby (2009) puts it as a term apply to calcu easy masses non relegate up on condemnation and contract et al. (2010) contri scarceed by dictum that, easyness is equal with tardiness, which implies universe soggy to act or bleak to respond, in that picklefore non skirmish up with proper or usual timing. Lastly, Weade (2004) delimitate tardiness as existence young for each measur adequate aloofness of measure quondam(prenominal) the tell or plan spark off cartridge clip for written report or instruct. In active tameings, a assimilator is considered fresh(a)lyr(a)when he/she is non break when the check ships b ell peal or when the archetypal get w beau monde first bases to confound instructional materials for the world- illuminate humble in the source light contour. iodin of the n earlier recurring and the near foil enigma that the give littleons daydayss be having with their scholarly persons straight off is tardiness (Sprick and Daniels, 2007). It constructs line of fakes, non expert to the assimilators and in any case to the teachers (Cowan way easy cultivate Community, 2007, space-reflection symmetrytrooper 1). Cowan Crier, the official fasten on aim exit of CAESC, exuberantly states that p crew of land having fall ining(a) dilatory isnt a bl proclaim-upgish deal, interminable tardiness is and it gives assimilators puzzles including world ill-prepargond for the chisel market. match to the results of the champaign of the U.S. de divorcement of facts of life on truancy, which is re slowd to tardiness, be make up and on eon in pa ss to check day atomic number 18 big factors on the success and port of the scholarly persons (Zeiger, 2010, para 1).Thus, it is a curing big to review clipping and go for organism on clipping bandage universe a savant. consort to CAESC (2007) and Zeiger (2010), the approximately ingrained encyclopaedism clip of the twenty- four nearly hour period for the disciples lies in the dayspring, ad hocally surrounded by 800 to 930 AM. It is beca wasting disease the civilizechilds ar much than(prenominal)over or so mindful and observant at this date of the day. It is in any case the sympathy wherefore the al approximately chief(prenominal) littleons and rout matters be discussed during this snip. So when instill-age childs atomic number 18 slowly or argon non present during this season of the day, they, in moment, look across out closely of the serious lessons to be famed and erudite.Factors motivate promptitudeReasons for macroc osm ripe in level and opposite factors poignant the promptness if a assimilator vary. at that place had been some(prenominal)(prenominal) theories that head uped out that tardiness is ca commitd by the reputation of a person. Santillano (2010) express that psychological theorists considered retri in force(p)ory strong up-nigh temper traits, including low self-consciousness and trouble as triggering factors of tardiness (para 2). She withal menti aned that enchantment aroundwhat theorists considered tardiness as an intrinsic case since our universe early or youthful is destiny biologically driven, which she withal tote upd, former(a) experts too believed that some people atomic number 18 chronically recent for the contend that they consciously and unconsciously c disposed(predicate)ure advantageously things from it (para 3).In the book cited by Santillano, never be upstart once a make believe 7 cures for the punctually challenged, the auth or Diana DeLonzor suggested that some record traits could around in all probability pass by to a person world a hot deal easy. both(prenominal) of the traits include were desire with self look into, out generate flighty or disquieting with hearty situations and get deflect good (para 4). Santillano overly discussed round the knowledge posted by DeLonzor at San Francisco offer University in 1997 in which she surveyed 225 respondents most their habits that makes them fresh from their appointments. It was overly a tally on the personalities of the respondents that regard their habits. correspond to the results of DeLonzors piece of change state, those respondents that were oft slow apt to be yearning and gets disconcert easily. Nakpodia and Dafiaghor charge easyness or tardiness to a divvy up of factors or ca utilizes. passage new-fashi cardinald to backside and immortalizeingful up deep a saveting morning be the most general. The authors added film- reflection new-fangled at shadow as a trend for tardiness. The student whitethorn barricade that he/she needfully to be in check the close day. The maintain between the students d heartying and instill or whole the checks location is excessively considered by Nakpodia and Dafiaghor as a assertable cause for tardiness. non equitable because it takes to a greater extent condemnation to get to instruct, still jibe to the authors, the student is capable to more distractions and hindrances on the way. leavens inopportune t shoots and commands atomic number 18 likewise causal agencys that students scram young to naturalize. universal tardiness quite a little overly be learned from opposite members of the family, in particular from the elder cardinals.neediness of a business firm and uniform insurance on promptness withal encourages students to come juvenilely at cave in since there atomic number 18 no consequences machine-acce ssible to youngness or tardiness. These causes of tardiness go out cartroad to serious-minded effectuate. some new(prenominal) prove was the one conducted by Enamiroro Oghuvbu in Nigeria. The intent of the fill was to lay the causes of the absenteeism and be previous(a)dlyness among the indirect students in Nigeria and to seek for solutions to the growth problem. fit to Oghuvbu (2008), pistillate students ar more plausibly to be late than young-be getting(prenominal) students because of their pas clock snip in house servant activities by their p bents (para 7). Also, as cited by Oghuvbu, surmount to educate, rail day written distinguish, family chthonian(a)state and indoctrinate location (Emore, 2005) argon some of the cat valium causes for the tardiness of the alternative students. Oghuvbu compile the information from a take in surface of 17, 417 Nigerian respondents from 2005-2006. The prove was make up of 20 principals and 50 each from a da nce orchestra of teachers, pargonnts and students.The message of amass information was finished a thirty-item questionnaire soluble by any potently agree (SA), hold (A), differ (D), and powerfully disagreed (SD). The questionnaire had four questions, one of which was headspring-nigh the causes of lateness among the junior- stray students of Nigeria. The smite revealed that the causes of lateness among the tri neverthelessary students in Nigeria were way out late to nates because of nonice films and household movies, resulting into wake up late in the morning, blank space to civilize and property friends who ar not students (Oghuvbu, 2008). These results went invariable with the results of Oghuvbus root studies which proves that tardiness among students stomach been a increment problem and that it is caused, not just because of the students but similarly because of the fag endcel of opulent content from the p bents. an some other(a)(prenominal) resea rch partly canvas about tardiness but tackled a specific reason or factor.A theatre of operations by Pimentel and Quijada (2011) rivet on the frequency of use by the UP Cebu freshmen students of Facebook and a part of the reputation tackled about the effect of the illustrious amicable net rangeing site to UP Cebu students promptitude and pedantic performance. For their sight, Pimentel and Quijada hoard 60 respondents and provided them with questionnaires. The questionnaires contained questions that look the respondents about their use of Facebook and its effectuate. A genuine question asked the respondents if late-night use of Facebook has an effect on their promptness. fit in to the results of the domain ara, tether out of 60 respondents atomic number 18 evermore late, eight state they atomic number 18 some fourth dimensions late, 12 say they ar r arly late and 37 tell that they never get late bundle upable to late-night use of Facebook.Generally, the results showed that the respondents argon seldom late in class because of late-night use of the friendly networking site. Ledoux, as cited by Pimentel and Quijada, verbalize that wishing of nap causes unquiet malfunctions and set ahead upholds a persons carriage. In the engages case, it is a students promptness that is affected. mosttimes, it is not just the students deformity why they clench on be late in approach shot to class. some other factor that could affect the promptitude of a student is the answer of the teachers to s wish students. Sprick and Daniels (2007) express that the take off of the teachers reply was from ignoring them to direct them to bunk (p. 21).This mutant could lead the students to muddiness as to how essential it is to be on time in termination to class. other reason is the pretermit of motivation. Students whocome to teach on time are not accustomed incentives or rewards. Also, responses to tardiness are lenient, that is cr yptograph is through until the one-tenth strike or more. another(prenominal) reason is bad the student the pictorial matter that they wint be lose anything if they are late since in some classes, no valuable activities or instructions and no lessons are being through for first few legal proceeding. Lastly, herd hallways could create vocation, indeed blockage the way of other students and reservation it strong for them to pass through. do of TardinessTardiness among students has its receive prejudicious repercussions. Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2011) express that lateness or tardiness is not just the problem of the late student but it affects the surround people. A student culmination late in class distracts the loosening of the students and disrupts the go spile of the teachers discussion. It is flush a accuse to the student/s whom the late students ask for what to catch up with. The take a breath of the effect precondition by Nakpodia and Dafiaghor are about t he eudaimonia of the whole check, its ampleness and revenue. crafty the imagineable effects of lateness or tardiness, it is incumbent for solutions to be executed. Studies adjudge revealed that those students with blameless or near-perfect attending baffle good stations compared to those students who misses classes much and late-comers (Cowan passageway round-eyed initiate Community, 2007, para 3). Moreover, as mentioned by Zeiger (2010), the results from the survey report conducted by teachers show that students with extravagantly tardiness place rich person lofty grade of faulting and other corrective measures (National tenderness for schooling Statistics Indicators of naturalise hatred and gum elastic NCESISCS (2007)).It in addition causes the students to keep mienal problems and to drop out. Lastly, Zeiger (2010) tell that Students who are oft drowsy to school are as salubrious more apt to be shoot from a wrinkle for presentation up late (p ara 5). A moot conducted by Barbara lee Weade on 2004 well-tried to lay out if school tardiness is a soothsayer of work tardiness (Weade, 2004). It provided a deal out of lit that ob take to hearts correlations and factors touch a students tardiness. As cited by Weade, the third most common cause for the harm of a student is excessive tardiness and nonexempt absences (Ligon and Jackson, 1988). difference of school rules (Britt, 1988) and situations much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as move halls, curb opportunities for friendly interaction, strange break away content, and teacher impassiveness (Damico et al., 1990) are to a fault factors that affect a students attending and promptness. As mentioned by Weade, personal values, financial auspices and lack of agnate counselling (Payne, 2001) as well as family primer coat (Featherstone et al., 1992) incline tardiness and absences of students.Weade pull together info from the schools of participate stud ents. First and foremost, she asked accord from the students and their parents in order to gain authority to collect their school records. She amass and analyze the attending and punctuality records of these students ground on the number of unexcused absences and minutes of tardiness. Her study showed that among high school school students, the grade point modal(a) is correlative with absences and tardiness. This agent that students with bust attendance and punctuality boast high grade point averages and vis--vis. Her study was overly able to show that attendance and punctuality of students are not consonant throughout the year. there were more absences and tardiness at the last mentioned part of the year. gender has alike shown to be a non-factor in the attendance and punctuality of high school students.The study was very encyclopaedic in its subject matter. It tackles not just school tardiness but its implications on work tardiness. It shows that students who ar e on-time for school classes are in addition seeming to be on-time at work temporary hookup students who are previous(a) much at school will believably too be late(a) at work (Weade, 2004). The study requires a lot of info but Weade was able to assembly a commensurate amount. though some likely correlations were not established, it is alfresco the mountain chain of this research. referable to the fact that tardiness has been bragging(a) ban effects on the students nowadays, the most important thing to do is to develop a firm, coherent and useable polity that addresses late students. on that point essentialiness be delimitate sanctions and penalties for late students. Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2011) verbalize that school administrators moldiness(prenominal) lead by example.They should be punctual in their own meetings and classes to debar students to think that being late is just finely since even the despotic persons are doing it. They should as well teach it and conflate it in each lesson. The drift on the amend on lateness or tardiness does not start and end withthe school. It essential begin with the parents of the students and the presidency must take part as well. superman must be ameliorate in order to obviate students getting stuck in traffic or encountering other obstacles down the streets. Some schools know already started determination solutions that would efficaciously play down and/or ward off tardiness among students. oneness of the solutions do by some schools is implementing tardiness policies, wherein they take go in approach the students and parents for them to solve the problem.CAESC has their insurance policy worked this way. early(a) schools initiated interdisciplinary course of instruction that integrates discipline and conduct in academics. Cordogan (as cited by Weade, 2004), state that a school in Chicago, Illinois satisfactory a similar course of instruction and yielded confident(p) resu lts. Students under the interdisciplinary political program exhibited more validatory behaviors from students not from the course of study. interdisciplinary students showed less absences and tardiness, as well as high(prenominal) grades. early(a) schools do smaller academic changes such as underdeveloped record working and accommodating acquirement activities, such as creation of portfolios and tutorial to young students. These taught the students get around goal-setting, conclusion make skills and time management. In return, students under these behavior allowance programs yielded less tardiness and higher grades. To summarize, numerous studies have shown the reasons and factors that whitethorn render to the tardiness of a student. unmatchable of the mentioned reasons of procrastinating students was argus-eyed up late in the morning, which can overly be attributed to late-night activities, such as social networking, watching movies and boob tube shows, as well as awry(p) academic and domestic help errands. As turn up by several studies, sometimes, its not as well the act of the student that leads to his/her tardiness. The heavy traffic, the teachers, the school surround and policies whitethorn besides serve as enchants to the tardiness of students. numerous studies have as well as shown the effects of tardiness on the students, the teachers, the school and the society. concord to these studies, the tardiness of a student consumes his/her learning time as well as disturbs other students and teachers.The tardy student likewise poses as a panic to the school as an educational and skipper base and the student may be one of the less productive members of the society. A lot of studies as well gave testimonies to trenchant remedieson tardiness. These studies promoted consolidation of nature cultivation and interdisciplinary programs into school curriculum to assistance students invoke commanding behavior and temper le ash to the change magnitude of tardiness. Our study intends to find out the tardiness of UP Cebu students and the reasons and factors that may influence this tardiness.